New maps are helping to fill these gaps and open up new opportunities for restoration. The actions of humans in forests constitute forest management. Nigeria has eight national parks and game reserves spread throughout the country. Almost half of the territory of nigeria is occupied by a moist, socalled guinean highgrass savanna. The bulk of nigeria s forest production is fuel wood. Find forestry expertise in nigeria commonwealth of nations. Forests are storehouses of a large variety of life forms such as plants, mammals, birds, insects and reptiles etc. Rather, forest lands are still treated mainly as a nuisance to be eliminated in order to expand croplands. However, due to the financial shortage, there is not. Edumanom forest reserve, located in niger delta region of southeast nigeria. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast.
A song for the road wole soyinkas imagery and tradition 2 preface as a student i enjoyed reading modern plays. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. Tropical rainforests merge into other types of forest depending on the altitude, latitude, and various soil, flooding, and climate conditions. This first issue examines the economic and social significance of forests for africas sustainable development. This includes management for aesthetics, fish, recreation, urban values, water, wilderness, wildlife, wood products, forest genetic resources, and other forest resource values. With the current rate, according to food and agricultural organization of united nations fao, the forest will disappear by 2020. It stands out to be among the biggest forest reserve that is still functioning in nigeria that lies in between the afi mountain wildlife sanctuary and mbe mountains community forest.
Land, forest administration, governance crises summary the common thread to forest administration and landuse decree is the conferment of ownership and power of distribution of forest and land on one person, the king or the state. Nigerias varied plant species are used in construction, food, medicine, and decoration. Associate professor of forest measurements department of forestry and wood technology federal university of technology, akure, nigeria. Collectively they contain an abundant diversity of fauna like buffaloes, roan antelopes, chimpanzees, crocodiles, hippopotamuses, hyenas, giant forest hogs, lions and leopards, as well as flora. Types of fish sold fish farming business nigeria pdf. Pdf the suitability of site form sf methods for evaluating site. It is located between latitudes 4 014 0 n and longitude 2 014 0 e. Nigeria abstract this paper sets out to explore the effectiveness of forest conservation laws in nigeria. With a focus on five communities that the forest reserve cuts across, both primary and secondary data were derived and analysed using simple descriptive statistics.
The working of this system is influenced by the natural environment. Nigerias forests can be divided into two principal categories. The forest revenue system and government expenditure on forestry in nigeria ix executive summary the first forest charges were introduced into nigeria during the colonial era, when a variety of charges were introduced with the aim of discouraging farmers from destroying trees as part of their shifting cultivation activities. Comparing and combining stem analysis and permanent sample plot data in site. Oba hills forest reserve, located in osun state of nigeria. Also the forests have abundant microorganisms and fungi, which do. The population of nigeria is estimated to be 90 million 1991 census. Precipitation pe year here is 1400 mm on the average. Aug 01, 2019 nigeria s varied plant species are used in construction, food, medicine, and decoration. Data were collected from urban abuja city and periurban lugbe areas of the fct using both semistructured questionnaire and inventory.
Nigeria is one of the countries in the west africa subregion. Ask class to brainstorm animals that have different types. Pdf on oct 9, 2007, onyekwelu jc and others published tree species. The loss of tropical moist forest is significant throughout west africa martin, 1991 but is particularly well advanced in nigeria. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated. These challenges faced by the population in the forest reserve, which is a major component of omo forest cluster adjudged as one of the exceptional sites for chimpanzee conservation in southwest nigeria morgan et al. The closed forest includes mangrove and coastal forest 22%, fresh water swamp 38% and lowland wet forest 40%. The data collected reveal the species of fish demanded mostly by the consumer are bonga ethmalosa frimbriata 37. Among the modern plays, the plays of soyinka were my favorites.
The relationship between forests and freshwater fish. Department of forest production and products, college of forestry and fisheries, federal university of agriculture makurdinigeria. Between 1990 and 2010, nigeria lost an average of 409,650 ha or 2. A report on the forest resource situation assessment of nigeria. Types of vegetation in nigeria nigeria is located in western africa. Economic and social significance of forests economic and.
Secondary forest can be created in a number of ways, from degraded forest recovering from selective logging, to areas cleared by slashandburn agriculture that have been reclaimed by forest. Nigeria, with the fourth highest deforestation rate in the world having lost above 3. Nigeria is well endowed with forest resources but the excessive exploitation of these forest resources is a source of concern and threat to the economic, social and environmental importance. Apr 20, 2015 types of fish sold there are various varieties of fish sold within the study area rural communities, choices of fish are based on consumers preferences. Land use decree, forest administration and governance crises in nigeria shittu r.
This study was conducted to investigate the tree species richness and diversity of urban and periurban areas of the federal capital territory fct, abuja, nigeria, and produce normalized difference vegetation index ndvi for the territory. Three communities surrounding each forest reserve at a radius of about 5 km were randomly selected and 20. The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Natural resources forests introduction a forest is a complex ecosystem which is predominantly composed of trees, shrubs and is usually a closed canopy. The cross river national park is located in southeast nigeria. What are the economic activities of the six geo political zones in nigeria. Our study aims to empirically assess the relationship. On the other hand, central africa with 44% of the land under forests is the most forested subregion. What are the economic activities of the six geo political.
The four forest reserves represent 40% of the total number of the forest reserves and cover a land mass area of 99. Thus, this paper set as its objectives, to assess the impact of population pressure on the forest stock of gelegele reserve. This report public participation in forestry, has been prepared as an input to the clarification of the concept of public participation in forestry and to integrate it more fully and transparently into forest policy making and management. Tropical rainforests merge into other types of forest depending on the altitude, latitude, and various. Nigeria has the highest deforestation rate in the world. Afi river forest reserve, located in cross river state, nigeria. Deforestation in nigeria as of 2005, nigeria has the highest rate of deforestation in the world according to the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao.
Forest management is a branch of forestry concerned with overall administrative, legal, economic, and social aspects, as well as scientific and technical aspects, such as silviculture, protection, and forest regulation. Among the forest products, timber is regarded as the major forest product in nigeria. Okomu forest reserve is located in edo state of nigeria about 75 km west of. Pdf forestry for sustainable development in nigeria. Local peoples perception of forest resources conservation in ekiti state, nigeria 4 two types of forest reserves. Focusing efforts for maximum impact ghanas deforestation rate remains at around 2% per year and forest. Nigeria forest information and data according to the u. Types of fish sold there are various varieties of fish sold within the study area rural communities, choices of fish are based on consumers preferences. The grass reaches a great height, in which not only a man, but also. The fate of a tropical rainforest in nigeria 117 if properly maintained. Democratic republic of the congo and nigeria and that 38.
Land use decree, forest administration and governance crises. Department of forest production and products, college of forestry and fisheries, federal university of agriculture makurdi nigeria. There are a variety of different species of plants that are native to the west african nation of nigeria, a country which is situated along the gulf of guinea. About 70% of the natural forest is open tree savanna, with the remaining 30% closed forest. Secondary forest is rainforest that has been disturbed in some way, naturally or unnaturally. Deforestation and greening the nigerian environment. The high forests is the main sources of logs in nigeria as cited by kio in 1983. Nigeria, like the rest of west africa and other tropical lands, has only two seasons. Recent data from matt hansen and global forest watch suggest that deforestation is rising in nigeria table 2 nigeria, along with onehalf of the worlds countries has portions or all of their. Some research has shown that forests provide important ecosystem functions that support the productive capacity and sustainability of inland fisheries. Tree species composition in selected sacred forests in nigeria. However, the forest is known to produce many other products, which are used widely in many fields though their consumption and trade are not appreciated.
Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest. These forest types form a mosaic of vegetation types which contribute to the overwhelming diversity of the tropics. Forest conversion, conservation and forestry in cross. However, many of these forests are losing these properties due mainly to interference by anthropogenic actions. Forest reserves in nigeria and their locations information. These mangrove forests serve a critical role in regional ecological and landscape composition, and support. Moreover, each category is a unique ecosystem with its peculiar rules, wildlife, and huge natural potential.
Role of forest inventory in sustainable forest management. This group of products includes all biological materials other. Tropical rainforests merge into other types of forest depending on the altitude. Use the teacher background information sheet to stimulate discussion. Our study aims to empirically assess the relationship between forest cover. Since unced rio 1992 and more recently the third ministerial conference for the protection of. Nigeria s forests can be divided into two principal categories. This most times result in ground forest fires, surface fires and eventually wild crown forest fires okiwelu and anyanwu, 2003. Land use activities among forest environments dwellers in nigeria azeez et al. The plots of these savannas alternate with the park savannas and border the banks of the rivers with gallery forests. In addition, there are about 33 other species of wildlife in the forest reserve. This forest reserve is also amongst the forest reserves that serve as a habitat for the species of the endangered birds in nigeria.
Oluwa forest reserve is located in southwestern nigeria. The okwangwo division the focus of this paper is km 2 in extent, comprising the former boshi, okwangwo and boshi extension forest reserves. Fish are a key source of protein and micronutrients, both of which are important for healthy diets. As of 2005, nigeria has the highest rate of deforestation in the world according to the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao. The fate of a tropical rainforest in nigeria 119 table 1. Forest reserve, south west nigeria by the european economic community nigeria federal. Pdf site quality assessment and allometric models for tree. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem and adjacent fragmented forests ihuma j. Ghana mapping the health of forest reserves in ghana. In nigeria, the annual rate of deforestation has been estimated. Soyinka deals with tradition and exploits traditional language, songs, dances, and themes and myths to help us see the good and bad effects of the world. The parks make up about 3 percent of nigerias total land area.
The chimpanzees of oluwa forest reserve, southwest nigeria. Southern nigeria this west african rain forest ecoregion has lost most of its original forest cover and native flora and fauna. Nigeria is well endowed with forest resources but the excessive exploitation of these forest resources is a source of concern and threat to the economic. The extent to which each of the vegetal classes differs from one another was computed prior to final. Nigeria has extensive mangrove forests in the coastal region of the niger delta. The rate of deforestation has been estimated variously for different parts of the world. The sites are made up of several soil types but they all belong to the tertiary sediments. These mangrove forests serve a critical role in regional ecological and landscape composition, and support subsistence gathering practices, and. Mapping the health of forest reserves in ghana little was known about the state of ghanas forest reserves over the past 20 years. Depending upon the availability of suitable blocks of uncultivated lands and the goodwill of the people, the forest estate has been constituted in all types of vegetation. Accepted 10 october, 2005 the research was undertaken from 19972000 to investigate how forest policy has faired in meeting the. Land use decree, forest administration and governance. The main types of forests are lowland rainforests, freshwater swamp forests, savannah woodlands, riparian forests, mangrove forests and montane forests. Explain to class that just like animals, forests have different types.
Primary forest is the most biologically diverse type of forest. For example, if a company has a plan for the perfect product. Tree species richness, diversity, and vegetation index for. Human population densities everywhere are extremely high, and little or no natural vegetation remains in most areas. Read the article to study the types of forests you can find in nigeria, their location and resources. Forest has been cleared for logging, timber export, subsistence agriculture and notably. Considered one of the most ecologically sensitive regions in the world, the niger delta mangrove forest is situated within a deltaic depositional environment. Forest conversion, conservation and forestry in cross river.
The dry season is accompanied by a dust laden airmass from the sahara desert, locally known as harmattan, or by its main name, the tropical continental ct airmass, while the rainy season is heavily influenced by an airmass originating from the south. Nigerians depend on fish for maintaining diverse and healthy diets. The parks make up about 3 percent of nigeria s total land area. It is probable that less than 10 per cent of the original forest cover remains in nigeria, although as elsewhere estimates vary greatly and adequate national resource surveys are lacking. Forestry for sustainable development in nigeria 14 depend on importation of wood and wood products, plunging the country in to imbalance trade depleting the nations foreign reserve. However, in a smallscale company, it is difficult to build up the machinery that the product needs. Multipleuse forest management in the humid tropics. Department of forestry and wildlife, faculty of agriculture, university of benin, benin city, nigeria.
There are 3 different types of forests and each forest has different temperatures. To bridge this knowledge gap and ensure that the role of forestry is given due consideration indiscussion of food security in nigeria, an attempt was made in this paper to highlight some of the ways forests. A joint venture created to complete a certain task or project. Its coast lies on the gulf of guinea in the south and it borders lake chad to the northeast.
Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem. Department of forestry technology, audu bako college of agriculture, dambatta kano state nigeria dawaki, s. The latter type also called high forest is divided into lowland rainforest. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north. As indicated in table 1, eight countries accounting for about 16% of the land area of africa has nearly 43% of the total african forests. Consisting of two divisions, oban in the south and okwangwo in the north, it covers a total area of approximately 4000 km 2. Urhonigbe forest reserve is constituted and gazetted. The bulk of nigerias forest production is fuel wood.
In the moment of need, the joint venture is the perfect solution. Nigerias forests may disappear by 2047 premium times nigeria. Pdf tree species diversity and soil status of two natural forest. Generally, there are two types of forests in nigeria, namely the tropical rain forest in the south and the savanna of the northern twothirds area of the country.